12/13/2023 0 Comments Alfred binet intelligenceThe award committee concluded that Binet had a "gifted and uncommon mind" (Wolf, p. The paper, which received a substantial monetary award from the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, was cited for the demonstration of Binet's competence as an observer and his knowledge of the experimental method. At age thirty Binet completed a paper that stressed the importance of studying the normal individual before studying persons with serious emotional problems. For the next six years he worked in the laboratory of Jean-Martin Charcot, a well-known neurologist, with mental patients and also developed an interest in hypnosis. Soon after, he began reading books in psychology. However, he lost interest in that field and began medical studies, but did not complete them. He first entered law school earning his license at age twenty-one and then began study for the doctorate. Binet was also a leader in providing programs for children with mental disabilities and establishing a pedagogical institute to provide appropriate instructional methods.īinet's choice of a career as a psychologist matured outside of any formal educational study. His work on individual differences described in a 1896 article with Victor Henri initiated his work on measuring individual differences and took into account both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of individuals' responses. As Theta Wolf notes, Binet also was known for his severe criticism of the methods of experimental psychology for its "sterile laboratory conditions" (pp. Using questionnaires, he studied creative artists of his time, such as Alexandre Dumas, in an attempt to provide insight into their methods of work and the sources of their creativity. In his early research, Binet also investigated children's fears. His research included the measurement of individual differences in reaction times, association of auditory times with specific colors, auditory and visual imagery, and children's memory capabilities. This philosophy contrasts with that of eugenicists who argue that intelligence is innate, inherited, and therefore limited to certain people.Best known for his development with Théodore Simon of the first standardized intelligence test, Alfred Binet can be considered one of the few "renaissance" psychologists of the twentieth century. Binet developed exercises known as 'mental orthopaedics' which were intended to improve the intelligence of children who were showing low levels of attainment. He named the test the Stanford-Binet Test.īinet maintained that intelligence was not 'fixed', and that with training it was possible to raise a person's general intellectual level with appropriate training. In 1916 Lewis Terman, a professor at Stanford University, developed a further version of the test and adopted the concept of the intelligence quotient (IQ). This test was originally translated from the French and introduced to the US by Henry Goddard (Director of Research at the Vineland Training School in New Jersey) who named his translation the 'Binet-Simon Measuring Test for Intelligence'. “The scale, properly speaking, does not permit the measure of the intelligence, because intellectual qualities are not superposable, and therefore cannot be measures as linear surfaces are measured” This was the first test of general intelligence produced, published as the 'Test of Intelligence' in 1905 (revised in 19). The interest in 'mental retardation' that was emerging at official levels prompted Binet and Simon to develop a thirty item test, standardised on 50 'normal' ability children and 45 less able children. Theodore Simon (1873 –1961), a French psychiatrist and physician, applied to do his doctoral research with Binet at the same time that a new law was passed in France entitling all children to a basic education. He became interested in the impact that both attention span and suggestibility had on the performance of children on such tests. After working in this area Binet began to develop tests of intelligence, using his daughters as guinea pigs. In 1883 Binet met Charcot (a world-famous neurologist of the time) who introduced him to hypnosis. He became interested in the ideas of John Stuart Mill, who suggested that intelligence could be explained by the personal associations, experiences and context of the individual. Alfred Binet was born in Nice, in France in 1857.
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